Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm "cov pallets yas, yas pallet hauv paus, thiab cov ntawv npog yas" yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev khaws khoom thiab kev xa khoom raws li "palletized unit load" lossis "pallet teeb nrog lub hau saum toj kawg nkaus." Cov kab ke no nyob deb ntawm ib qho yooj yim stacking ntawm cov khoom - nws yog tsim los ntawm kev xav txog kev sib koom ua ke, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, qee yam khoom yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem tiav no, nrog rau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov cov khoom tawg mus rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov, ruaj khov, thiab koom ua ke "chaw cia thiab kev thauj mus los." Nws ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li txav tau, tus qauv "mini-warehouse."
Hauv qab no yog cov laj thawj ntxaws vim li cas cov txheej txheem tag nrho yuav tsum tau siv, uas tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm ntau qhov kev xav:
Kev piav qhia ntxaws txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb: Tsim kom muaj qhov ruaj khov, txav tau "Logistics Unit"
Thaum peb tham txog kev ua tiav ntawm cov yas pallets, cov hauv paus, thiab cov phaj npog, nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom hloov tag nrho ib pawg ntawm cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb, ib tus neeg cov khoom rau hauv qhov ruaj khov, ruaj khov, thiab cov qauv "logistics unit." Qhov no tsis yog rau kev zoo nkauj xwb- nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub, ua haujlwm tau zoo. Ib qho piv txwv zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pab peb nkag siab: nws zoo li kev tsim cov khoom txav tau yooj yim, stackable "mini-container" lossis "tsev" rau cov khoom.
1. Yas Pallet: Lub Indispensable "Foundation" thiab "Wheels"
Lub pallet yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov system. Yog tsis muaj nws, tag nrho cov cuab yeej cuab yeej ua tsis tau. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb nyob hauv kev muab ob qho kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb: nrog rau hauv av thiab nrog cov cuab yeej tuav.
Kev nce hauv av: Kev tso cov khoom ncaj qha rau hauv pem teb warehouse ua rau lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov dej noo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv pem teb los yog hauv qab daus), plua plav paug, thiab nyuaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas lossis ntxuav. Lub pallet nqa tag nrho cov load, tsim kom muaj qhov chaw qhuav, huv si hauv qab.
Enabling Mechanization: Cov qhov qhib tsim rau hauv lub hauv paus pallet ua "qhov" rau cov diav rawg ntawm forklifts lossis pallet jacks. Nrog nws, ib tus neeg tsav tsheb ib leeg tsav lub forklift tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm tons ntawm cov khoom lag luam -ntaus lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tau zoo dua li kev tuav tes. Nws muab cov khoom "kev txav mus los" thiab ua raws li lub ntiaj teb "baseplate" txuas kev cia, kev thauj mus los, thiab thauj khoom / tshem tawm cov txheej txheem
2. Yas Pallet Base (Divider/Spacer): Internal "Load-Bearing Skeleton" thiab "Anti-Slip Layer"
Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub hauv paus yog feem ntau underestimated, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev daws ob qhov teeb meem loj: "verttical compression" thiab "horizontal slippage."
Distributing Pressure, Tiv Thaiv Cov Txheej Txheem Hauv Qab: Xav txog kev sib tw kaum cov dej haus ncaj qha. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab dais tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cuaj saum toj no, pheej hmoo lub thawv deformation thiab nce fragility ntawm cov ntsiab lus (xws li, iav fwj). Muab cov hauv paus (tshwj xeeb yog cov ntawv tiaj tus lossis kab sib chaws) ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg hloov cov ntsiab lus siab lossis kab siab los ntawm cov khoom sab saud mus rau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug, txo cov load ntawm cov ntim qis thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom lawv tus kheej.
Kev sib txhuam ntau ntxiv, Xauv Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Ke: Cov duab los yog cov thawv yas sib dhos ncaj nraim yog yooj yim rau zawv zawg thiab hloov thaum thauj kev vibrations, destabilizing tag nrho pawg. Lub hauv paus nto feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv- cov ntaub nplaum nplaum los yog me me protrusions, ua zoo li "tsis pom cov nplaum" ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam zoo heev, "xauv" cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov khoom ua ke los tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov dua tom qab tag nrho.
3. Plastic Cover Phaj: Ua tiav "ru tsev" thiab "Ballast"
Cov phaj npog yog cov kauj ruam kawg hauv kev kaw lub tsev thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb stacking qhov siab thiab ntev - thauj mus los.
Ua kom tiav cov ntaub thaiv npog, tiv thaiv ib puag ncig: Lub hau npog sab saum toj hloov ib pawg qhib rau hauv ib lub thawv ntim rau ntawm ib lub ntsej muag (thiab, ua ke nrog stretch qhwv los yog strapping, ua kom tag nrho kaw). Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaiv cov plua plav poob los ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom qab nthab, cov hws condensation, thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj paug paug paug. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom uas xav tau kev huv, xws li cov khoom noj, tshuaj, lossis cov khoom ua kom zoo.
Muab Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Qab, Stabilizing Stacks: Thaum ob lub palletized chav tsev thauj khoom yog stacked, ob txhais taw ntawm lub pallet sab saud ncaj qha rau ntawm cov khoom ntawm chav tsev qis. Yog tsis muaj lub hau npog nruj, cov taw no tuaj yeem nkag mus thiab ua rau cov thawv muag muag hauv qab no. Lub npog phaj muab ib qho khoom, tiaj tus kabmob nto. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum siv nrog stretch qhwv, nws tus kheej qhov hnyav ua ke nrog lub qhwv lub nro tsim ib tug nruam downward siab, ua zoo li ib tug txhais tes nrees nias rau ntawm cov khoom los tiv thaiv upward loosening thiab hloov thaum lub sij hawm ntev, bumpy journeys.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus
peb qhov no -ib feem ua ke ua tiav ib qho kev tsim qauv: lub pallet daws qhov teeb meem "kev txav", lub hauv paus daws qhov teeb meem "internal stability", thiab lub hau daws qhov teeb meem "sab saum toj enclosure thiab compression". Ua haujlwm hauv kev sib koom ua ke, lawv sib koom ua ke cov khoom tawg mus rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke, tsim kom muaj tus qauv "tsev thaiv" muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau nruj ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev siv tshuab logistics.
Vim li cas nws yog "Yuav tsum tau" siv tag nrho cov khoom rau qee yam khoom?
Yog vim li cas 1: Lub cev zoo ntawm cov khoom xav tau nws
Precise, Fragile, los yog Crush-Cov khoom siv: xws li electronics, glassware, precision instruments. Lub hauv paus sib npaug faib lub siab los ntawm stacking saum toj no, thiab npog daim hlau tiv thaiv tipping / kev sib tsoo tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom tsis ruaj khov.
Mos-Packaged los yog Yooj Yim Deformed Khoom: Xws li cov khoom ntim khoom noj, cov ntaub ntawv loj. Yog tsis muaj cov hauv paus thiab npog, lawv yog qhov yooj yim rau kev sib tsoo thiab deformation tom qab stacking.
Cov khoom me me, Loose Item: Xws li cov dej hauv lub raj mis, cov kaus poom dej haus, cov thawv me me. Pallets sib sau ua ke lawv, cov hauv paus nce kev sib koom- txheej ruaj khov, thiab npog tiv thaiv kev nchuav los ntawm sab saum toj.
Yog vim li cas 2: Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los ib puag ncig
Cov Kev Xav Tau Zoo rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Plua Plav thiab Moisture: Xws li cov khoom noj, tshuaj, tshuaj raw khoom (tsis yog- phom sij), siab- cov khoom siv ntawv qib siab. Lub npog phaj tsim ib qho kev thaiv lub cev, zoo cais cov plua plav, noo noo, thiab cov kab mob ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom ib puag ncig.
Xav tau kev ruaj khov siab Stacking kom siv tau qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws: Hauv warehouses los yog ntim, cov khoom feem ntau yuav tsum tau stacked 2, 3, los yog ntau txheej txheej siab. Cov txheej txheem tag nrho (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los tiv thaiv- cov hauv paus hauv qab thiab cov phaj npog uas pab "xauv" tag nrho cov khoom ua ke) muab qhov tshwj xeeb stacking ruaj khov, tiv thaiv "pyramid-style" kev puas tsuaj thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom.
Ntev -Nyob deb, Kev thauj mus los nruab nrab: Cov khoom lag luam tiv thaiv cov tsheb thauj khoom vibrations, nkoj rocking, thiab aircraft takeoffs/landings. Pallets ruaj ntseg nkaus xwb nrog stretch zaj duab xis tseem tuaj yeem hloov mus rau sab saum toj thiab sab vim yog sab nraud quab yuam. Lub hau npog sab saum toj muab kev txwv ntxiv thiab, ua ke nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab los yog cov hlua khi, ua rau tag nrho cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab ruaj khov.
Yog vim li cas 3: Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm thiab cov kev xav tau automation
Compatibility nrog Automated Storage Systems: Niaj hnub nimno Automated Storage thiab Retrieval Systems (AS / RS) muaj qhov xav tau siab heev ntawm qhov ntev, flatness, thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom rau lawv cov stacker cranes. Ib qho tsis tu ncua, cov duab plaub uas tsim los ntawm pallets, hauv paus, thiab lub hau npog yog qhov khoom siv zoo tagnrho.
Ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo: Txawm hais tias siv phau ntawv forklifts lossis Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), tag nrho chav tsev no tuaj yeem raug kho raws li tus qauv "khoom" rau kev txav nrawm, thauj khoom, thiab tshem tawm, tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thib ob thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv.
3.Detailed Standard Application Scenarios: Yam khoom twg yuav tsum tau nws?
Qhov system no tsis tas yuav tsum tau nyob hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov khoom hauv qab no uas muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, nws hloov los ntawm kev "muaj txiaj ntsig" mus rau "tsim nyog."
Qhov no yog daim ntawv thov feem ntau thiab classic. Cov khoom zoo li no feem ntau muaj cov ntim ntau lawm, xa rov qab sai, thiab xav tau siab - khaws cia kom txuag tau qhov chaw khaws khoom kim.
Cov ntsiab lus mob: Lub zog compression ntawm cov thawv corrugated hauv qab dhau los ua qhov txwv tsis pub muaj kev sib tw siab heev (xws li 3-5 txheej). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv dej haus yog hnyav hnyav, xav tau kev ruaj ntseg heev. Warehouses feem ntau siv high-reach hluav taws xob forklifts rau stacking ua hauj lwm plaub los yog tsib txheej siab. Txhua qhov kev tsis ruaj khov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
Kev daws teeb meem tag nrho: Bases xyuas kom cov thawv hauv qab tsis raug tsoo. Lub npog phaj muab cov khoom saum toj kawg nkaus, tso cai rau qhov siab - ncav cuag lub forklift kom tso lub pallet sab saud kom ruaj ntseg mus rau lub phaj npog ntawm chav tsev qis dua, tsis yog mus rau cov thawv tsis muaj zog. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb siab -bay cia, ua kom siv qhov chaw ntsug kom zoo tshaj plaws. Kev sib piv yooj yim: tsis muaj qhov system, kev ruaj ntseg stacking yuav raug txwv rau 2 txheej; nrog nws, kev ruaj ntseg stacking ntawm 4-5 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog achievable, zoo ob npaug rau lub warehouse lub peev xwm usable.
Cov khoom no feem ntau tau ntim rau hauv cov hnab ntim khoom lossis cov hnab ntim tau yooj yim, thiab lawv lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
Cov ntsiab lus mob: Kev nqus dej los ntawm cov yas pellets tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm qis; cov khoom xyaw qhuav tuaj yeem pwm thiab lwj; Qee cov hmoov hmoov tuaj yeem ua paug thaum sib cuag nrog cov plua plav. Khaws ib txwm, cov txheej hauv qab tiv thaiv av av thaum sab saum toj raug huab cua, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj.
Kev daws teeb meem tag nrho: Pallets tsa cov khoom kom deb ntawm av noo. Cov plua plav-cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ua ke nrog lub pallet thiab ua ke nrog perimeter stretch film, nws tsim ib tug nyob ze - kaw micro- ib puag ncig rau cia. Thaum lub sij hawm thauj cov thawv los yog ntev - thauj cov tsheb thauj mus los, qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv no tiv thaiv qhov kub thiab av noo sib txawv, tshuaj tsuag ntsev, thiab plua plav hauv txoj kev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom cov khoom zoo ib yam thaum tuaj txog.
Cov khoom no feem ntau siab -tus nqi thiab tsis muaj kev kam rau siab rau qhov khawb ntawm qhov chaw lossis kev cuam tshuam me. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov saw hlau xav tau cov qauv siab rau kev xa khoom zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Cov ntsiab lus mob: Yuav ua li cas lub tsheb qhov rooj vaj huam sib luag los yog cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb nyob twj ywm tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov khoom lag luam mus rau cov kab sib dhos, thaum tseem raug txheeb xyuas sai thiab raug txheeb xyuas?
Cov Txheej Txheem Tag Nrho: Ntawm no, lub kaw lus hla tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv, hloov mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem thauj mus los (RTU). Thaum tawm ntawm tus neeg muag khoom cov kab ntau lawm, cov khoom raug muab tso ncaj qha rau hauv ib ntus rau cov pallets uas haum nrog cov hauv paus thiab kaw nrog lub hau npog, tsim ib chav tsev. Chav tsev no tseem nyob ruaj khov thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov khoom xa khoom (suav nrog kev thauj mus los, chaw cia khoom, thiab kab- sab xa khoom) kom txog thaum nws mus txog cov kab ntau lawm. Nws txo qis kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ib tus neeg tuav thiab rov ntim dua, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo "touchless" logistics (qhov twg cov khoom tsis tas yuav rov ntim dua, tshuaj xyuas, lossis rov kho dua ib nrab- taug kev). Qhov no ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm JIT (Tsuas yog-Nyob hauv-Sijhawm) kev tsim khoom thiab txhawb nqa cov duab hwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam.
4. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kom Paub Txog Tus Nqi Them Tag Nrho: Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Tag Nrho Kev Pom Zoo
Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, kev yuav khoom pallets, hauv paus, thiab npog daim hlau zoo li yog cov nqi ntim ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum soj ntsuam los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tag nrho cov saw hlau thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam logistics, qhov no sawv cev rau kev nce siab ntxiv - xav txog kev nqis peev. Nws tus nqi yog nyob rau hauv kev txuag ntau dua cov nqi zais.
Cov khoom puas ntsoog sib npaug rau direct profit poob. Cov txheej txheem tag nrho muab kev tiv thaiv lub cev zoo rau cov khoom:
Tiv thaiv crushing kev puas tsuaj (ntawm lub hauv paus).
Tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo (ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv- plam ntawm cov hauv paus thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub hau).
Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob (los ntawm npog thiab pallets uas thaiv cov dej noo thiab plua plav).
Tiv thaiv khawb (los ntawm kev txo cov ntsiab lus sib txhuam thaum tuav).
Rau lub palletized thauj khoom muaj nqis ntau pua txhiab, txawm tias txo qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm 1% txuag nyiaj ntau tshaj tus nqi ntawm lub ntim khoom nws tus kheej. Rau siab - cov khoom muaj nqis, qhov kev suav no yog qhov tseeb heev.
Ntawm cov nqi tseem ceeb ntawm logistics yog warehouse rent thiab labor.
Qhov chaw tus nqi: Raws li tau hais tseg, kev ruaj ntseg siab stacking tuaj yeem ncaj qha ob npaug ntawm kev siv cov khoom kim ntsug ntsug. Qhov no sib npaug rau khaws cia ob npaug ntawm cov khoom rau tib qhov nqi xauj tsev, txo tus nqi cia rau ib chav tsev.
Tus Nqi Ua Haujlwm: Ib chav ntsuas tus qauv txhais tau hais tias kev sib koom ua ke "lus" thoob plaws txhua qhov kev sib txuas. Thaum lub tsev khaws khoom tau txais, cov khoom tuaj yeem muab pov tseg los ntawm tag nrho pallet yam tsis muaj kev sib cais. Thaum lub sij hawm suav cov khoom muag, kev xam pom tseeb thiab ceev raws li cov khoom pallets. Thaum lub sij hawm xa khoom, tag nrho cov pallets tau thauj khoom ncaj qha, ua kom lub tsheb thauj khoom ntau dua. Hauv cov txheej txheem khaws cia tsis siv neeg (AS / RS), tsuas yog hom no tsis tu ncua, chav nyob ruaj khov tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas, khaws, thiab khaws cia los ntawm stacker cranes- qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsim khoom ntse.
Kev nyab xeeb tsis muaj nqi. Ib pawg pallet uas dheev poob rau hauv lub tsev rau khoom tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob hnyav, khoom siv puas tsuaj, thiab lwm yam khoom puas tsuaj. Qhov tshwm sim poob, kev tsim khoom nres, thiab kev pheej hmoo raug cai yog kev puas tsuaj loj. Los ntawm kev tsim qauv, qhov system no muab kev kwv yees, ruaj khov stacking kev nyab xeeb, tsim nyog tshem tawm cov teeb meem loj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev thauj khoom ruaj khov tuaj yeem tiv taus cov pob ntawm qhov ntev -kev thauj mus los thiab qhov xwm txheej tsis tuaj yeem, ua kom cov khoom tuaj txog raws sijhawm thiab tsis zoo. Qhov no txhim kho cov khoom lag luam kev ntseeg siab thiab kev muaj peev xwm.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov yas pallets, cov hauv paus, thiab cov phaj npog yog cov khoom siv logistics classic uas ua piv txwv "ua tiav kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev nqis peev ua ntej." Dab tsi yog yuav tsis yog ib txheej ntawm cov khoom yas, tab sis cov khoom ruaj ntseg, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev lag luam spatial, thiab kev tswj xyuas yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tw ua lag luam ib puag ncig, kev ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam txhab kev sib tw tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, rau cov khoom haum rau nws daim ntawv thov scenarios, qhov system no tsis yog tus nqi, tab sis siab - rov qab cov cuab tam tseem ceeb thiab cov cim ntawm kev tswj xyuas kev lag luam niaj hnub, kev tshaj lij.
